Ferritic calcium sulfoaluminate belite cement from metallurgical industry residues and phosphogypsum: Clinker production, scale-up, and microstructural characterisation

The production of ferrite-rich calcium sulfoaluminate belite (CSABF) cement clinker, also containing MgO, from ladle slag, Fe-slag, and phosphogypsum was translated a lab-scale to pilot demonstration in 7-metre kiln at 1260 °C. An account the trials/manufacturing is presented, process robust. Laboratory tests prior scale-up showed that gehlenite formation can be inhibited CSABF clinker by adding excess CaO raw meal; however, this reduces amount iron (Fe) incorporated into ye'elimite leads higher ferrite (C6AF2) content. Detailed microstructural analyses were performed on reveal composition as well partition minor elements. Different phases with varying amounts titanium are distinguished. Eighty-five percent meal comprised side-stream materials produced had chemical raw-material CO2 emissions 90% lower than Portland made virgin materials. These results have significant impact regions prospering metallurgical industry, enabling industrial decarbonisation resource efficiency.